7 Regions of the Electromagnetic Spectrum - 769 Words

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. There are 7 regions in the electromagnetic spectrum and they are gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves and radio waves. All types of electromagnetic radiation are transverse waves and they all travel at the same speed in a vacuum. The regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are explained below in order of increasing wavelength and decreasing frequency. Gamma Rays (ÃŽ ³-rays) Gamma rays have the lowest wavelength but the highest frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum. They are produced by radioactive atoms in nuclear explosions. Gamma rays are highly penetrating rays and can kill living cells, which due to†¦show more content†¦Ultraviolet was discovered by Johann Ritter. He discover it by using silver chloride and exposing it to the light at the violet end of the spectrum. Silver chloride turns black when exposed to light and it turned black the fastest when placed near the violet end of the spectrum. Visible Light Visible light is the only electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye. We see visible light by the light focusing onto the retina of the eye which creates a visual image in the brain. Visible light is also an essential energy source for plants because they need it when they undergo photosynthesis. Visible light is used in many things such as photography, illumination and also our vision. Infrared infrared comes from heat or thermal radiation and it is produced by the motion of atoms and molecules in an object. infrared is used for heating and cooking and also in thermal imaging devices. Infrared was discovered by a british astronomer called William Herschel. He discovered infrared by using a prism to break up visible light, then he realised that the temperature rose from violet to red (using a thermometer) and then where there was no visible light at the red end of the spectrum, the temperature was the highest. Which this is how he discovered infrared. An advantage of infrared is it can be used to detect people, which it is used by the police to find criminals from a helicopter when they are trying to escape. Also, infrared can be used for manyShow MoreRelated60GHz AN ATTRACTIVE BAND 1.1 INTRODUCTION: In many countries, the frequency range 57-66 GHz is900 Words   |  4 Pagesconditions of use and/or licensing. From a global point of view, the use of this spectrum by Fixed Services (FS) is being addressed by the ITU- R in its draft report on Fixed Service use trends in WP5C, which is currently under development. In 2001, the federal Communication Commission (FCC) allocated 7 GHz in the 57-64 GHz for unlicensed use. The allotted spectra in different countries are shown in the figure. Figure:1.1 Spectrum Allocated in Different Countries The high frequencies are associated withRead MoreThe Effect Of Solar Flares On Our Future Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesactive region of the Sun while another set have magnetic fields changing daily within a large active region.3 Seeing these kinds of signs is not a guarantee of a solar flare and even if it were we could not fully known its strength beforehand. Using our previous experience and current incomplete models is the best that we can done now, but research and modeling continue to improve our understanding of solar flares. Solar flares occur in a variety of strengths in terms of energy and broad spectrum outputsRead MoreDocoment, Doc1918 Words   |  8 PagesElectromagnetic waves At this point in the course well move into optics. This might seem like a separate topic from electricity and magnetism, but optics is really a sub-topic of electricity and magnetism. This is because optics deals with the behavior of light, and light is one example of an electromagnetic wave. Light and other electromagnetic waves Light is not the only example of an electromagnetic wave. Other electromagnetic waves include the microwaves you use to heat up leftovers forRead MoreThe Sun : Thermal And Electromagnetic Processes Essay2139 Words   |  9 PagesThe Sun: Thermal and Electromagnetic Processes 1 The Sun: Thermal and Electromagnetic Processes Anthony Valcarcel Tennessee Technological University Link to PowerPoint video: The Sun: Thermal and Electromagnetic Processes 2 Abstract The Sun is the closest star to our solar system, and is more than just a body in the sky;Read MoreAre Cell Phones Dangerous?2205 Words   |  9 Pagespoints and evaluate their arguments I will then give you my own opinion based on the facts and research I have conducted. What is the electromagnetic spectrum? The electromagnetic spectrum is a range of different Electromagnetic radiation. The radiation is energy that travels in waves, the electromagnetic spectrum is what is used to describe those waves. Electromagnetic waves are formed by vibrations electric and magnetic fields. the distance from one point on one wave to the same exact point on theRead MoreThe Degradation Of Solar Cell1003 Words   |  5 PagesSolar Cell Degradation in Space Abstract: This paper will present the degradation of solar cell performance when exposed to solar wind in space, particularly in the Van Allen belt region. Also, solar cell theory is mathematically modeled and described using Matlab simulation software accompanied by the SRIM software to generate the targeting data. Follow with the degradation modeling of Si, InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction space solar cells when are exposed to high energy charged particles, especiallyRead MoreHow Does Hide An Object?3596 Words   |  15 Pagesscattering of the hidden object with the scattering of a background object so that only the scattering of the background object can be detected by an outside observer and the hidden object disappears electromagnetically. Method3: Using Active Electromagnetic cloaking. Literature Survey: Invisibility, which has been a long-time goal, has received many studies with transformation optics (TO), meta-materials and other methods in recent years [1-16]. Readers can get some background on this topic withRead MoreThe Visible Light Communication ( Vlc )1652 Words   |  7 Pagesintensity given off from their screens, detectable at a distance of up to ten metres. The main advantage of Li-Fi is being useful in electromagnetic sensitive areas such as in aircraft cabins, hospitals and nuclear power plants without causing electromagnetic interference. Therefor the communication technique not only helps in solving the problem of lack of enough spectrum space but also enables novel application. 2.1 How Lifi Works †¢ The lamp driver receives data from the internet. †¢ The digital signalRead MoreRadio Frequency Identification ( Rfid ) Essay2037 Words   |  9 Pagesused with money, but there is a main limitation while using RFID technology. It is privacy and security. That is why, Electrical and computer engineers work with this limitation, so RFID would be the future for all engineers. Index-Terms—RFID Electromagnetics, term paper I.INTRODUCTION For many people, using a card to access a building or a door, a key to start a car or validating an underground ticket have become a routine without realizing that they are making use of a technology that capturesRead MoreAbsorption Spectrum Of Conjugated Dyes1574 Words   |  7 Pages Absorption Spectrum of Conjugated Dyes Bashar Baraz Lab Partners: whole class Physical Chemistry II 3/22/2015 Abstract: The highly conjugated system of the cyanine dyes makes it a very good compound in the development of more efficient solar cells. In this experiment, the maximum wavelength was measured for nine dyes using a UV-Vis spectrum. The result that were obtained agreed with Kuhn’s model for the less polarizable end groups such as 3,3 -diethyloxadicarbocyanine and 3,3 -diethyloxatricarbocyanine

Analysis Of Marjane Satrapi s Persepolis And Ta Nehisi...

There is no such thing as an objective reality, since the very notion of an objective truth is impossible for us all to conceive together, and, is, therefore subjective. As such, our reality is a collection of subjective truths woven together like a collage, that ultimately represents what we consider to be true. This theme of a subjective reality is conveyed in both the major motion picture version of Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis and Ta-Nehisi Coates’ Between the World and Me. Moreover, following the argument that there can be more than a single â€Å"truth,† what should concern the individual shouldn’t be obeying an truth proposed to be objective, but rather adhering to whatever truth best meets their criteria as true. This said, if someone†¦show more content†¦Coates described the world in this light, in his book, a world where subjectivism defined people’s grasp of reality and was the basis for their actions. He attacked the notion of a single â€Å"truth† with his depiction of the United States as a place where some citizens were kept awake by systematic racism and institutional discrimination and prejudice, while the rest were allowed to slumber, living their lives in a dream world. In this â€Å"Dream,† the sins we committed in the past, and continue to this today, such as, the plundering, raping, and destruction of black bodies no longer carry relevance. The â€Å"Dream† would convince us that racism doesn’t haunt America’s legacy any more than your typical natural disaster.(Coates, pg.7) The â€Å"Dream† was nothing more than an illusion, a reality created out of a formula of denial and shame, but still people put their faith in it. Similarly, in the movie Persepolis, Satrapi shows how a state’s claim to an objective truth can greatly contradict with the subjective reality experienced by its own people. During her childhood in Iran, Satrapi grew up in a dictato rship that imposed its own narrative on everyone she knew, and murdered anyone who dared to express their own subjective reality. The contrasting truths that prevailed in Iran are best shown in a scene that particularly stuck out for me, where Satrapi openly rebukes her teacher for attempting to spread a false reality in the classroom

Why i choose college free essay sample

Universities vs. Community Colleges My essay I will be talking about the difference between universities and community colleges. I choose this topic because most students coming out of high school and get stuck on choosing a college to attend. Community colleges have open admissions policies, meaning that anyone who can benefit is welcome to attend. You will need a high school diploma or a GED to take courses for credit. Many non-credit courses are available for anyone who wants to enroll. Students take assessments and placement test to determine the appropriate class level. Four-year colleges and universities vary in their degrees of selectivity and some do have open admissions policies. Some selections is often based on competitive factors such as standardized test scores, such as the SAT and SCT, high school grade point average and coursework, letters of recommendation, and admissions essays. A high school diploma or a GED is generally required in order for an applicant to be admitted. We will write a custom essay sample on Why i choose college or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Community colleges student body s often described as a non-traditional, referring to independent, older adults who are entering college for the first time or returning after some time. Most students are in-state residents from the local area; some foreign-born students also attend. The majority of students attend part time (less than 12 credit hours per semester). In universities many students in baccalaureate programs start right out of high school and in fall into the traditional college-age 18-22 years old. Students come from across the country and around the world. Most students attend on a full-time basis. Community college an associates degree is usually the highest degree awarded. Most degree programs can be completed in 2 years of full-time attendance. Certificate programs typically take a year or less to complete if you go full-time. All universities and four-year colleges offer a bachelors degree as the highest undergraduate degree. Some also offer and associates degree typically takes 4 to 6 years to complete. Community colleges are mainly geared to commuters however; bout 20% of community colleges do offer a more traditional college experience with on-campus housing available to students. Most four year institutions are geared to full-time, residential students with on-campus housing in dormitories widely available. Community colleges faculty members are mainly focused in teaching as the primary responsibility; many community colleges require the faculty to have a masters degree and there are a growing number who also hold doctorates. Universities or four-year colleges faculty members focus is divided among teaching, esearch, and publication; there is a higher percentage of faculty with doctorates than a community college. Community colleges class sizes averages between 25 to 40 students. Classes are taught by full-time or part-time faculty member. Although universities class sizes varies, many lower-division classes, especially lecture classes, can be very large and taught by graduate teaching assistants. Tuition for community colleges is affordable. Tuition costs at public institutions are usually twice that of

The Components of Speech and Language an Example of the Topic School by

The Components of Speech and Language Language is a system of rules employed by humans in communication to convey and share thoughts, emotions and ideas. Language is the capacity to comprehend what is heard and the expression of notions by use of words through speech, signing, gestures, eye blinks or writing. The brain assists in the development of language as well as in its interpretation. Need essay sample on "The Components of Speech and Language" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Language is composed of various elements namely: semantics, syntax, phonology, morphology and pragmatics. Phonology is the study of language speech structures, simple speech unit models and established pronunciation conventions. Phonemes are the basic sounds that constitute a language. For instance, that consists of three phonemes: th, a,t. The study of basic units of meaning is called morphemes. Morphemes comprise of foundation words like hat, love and dog as well as affixes like un-, and re-, past tense as in ed and plurals like s and es. Morphology is crucial in language development and signifies basic structural blocks for understanding. Syntax involves the study of the dynamics of combination of words with their smallest significant units to develop sentences. Comprehension of syntax makes one understand that the following differently-ordered sentences imply the same idea although they are of differing complexity: The boy hit the ball and The ball was hit by the boy. The sentence I went to the store is correct; but to the store I went is not grammatically acceptable (Ritzman, Sanger, 2006, p.265). Semantics is how a language delivers meaning. Semantics is culture-specific and goes beyond literal meanings of words. Knowledge of semantics informs one that being green with envy doesnt imply color change. Pragmatics refers to how communicators attain their goals by use of language. Different audiences call for different speech patterns; for instance, conversation styles when dealing with parents, friends, toddlers and siblings differ. Language development is very intense in the initial three years of human development when the brain is enlarging and maturing. Language skills develop best in environments with various sounds, images and continuous exposure to the language and speech of other persons. The maturing brain can absorb any language during this critical period. Initial signs of communication are manifest in the initial few days when an infant realizes that a cry will induce provision of food, company of comfort. The infant starts to identify crucial sounds in their environment. As they develop, infants begin to distinguish speech sounds (phonemes) or structural blocks that constitute words. At six months majority of infants can identify principal sounds of their local language (Murata, 2000, p.524). An infant can make inhibited sounds with the maturation of the speech structures; lips, jaw, tongue and voice. The initial months witness cooing - a quiet, appealing, recurring vocalization. At six months, the infant can repeatedly utter syllables like da, da or ba, ba. This babbling develops into an incomprehensible jargon having the quality and rhythm of human speech but devoid of words. At the close of year one, most children can say a few basic words. At the outset, the kids are oblivious of the meanings of their maiden words; they learn of the implications of the words when others react to them. At eighteen months, majority of toddlers can utter eight to ten words. At two years, majority can crudely join words into sentences like more milk. They rapidly realize that objects, thoughts and actions are symbolized through words. Children also participate in mock or representational play activities. The ages three, four and five usher in accelerated vocabulary build-up and mastering of the conventions of language by children. Inpidual children follow different language development patterns. A conventional language-attainment progression exists with milestones- observable skills that act as a guide to regular development. The milestones are categorized based on the ages of children. milestones include: Birth to five months, 6-11 months, 12-17 months, 18-23 months, 2-3 years, 3-4 years, 4-5 years, five, six, seven and eight years (Murata, 2000, p.529). At six months, a toddler can vocalize with accent and reacts when their names are called out. The infant reacts to human voices with no visual hints by moving eyes and head. They can fittingly react to either cordial or irate tones. At twelve months, the infant can utilize one or more meaningful words or a portion of a word. The toddler can also comprehend basic instructions if supplemented with verbal or physical cues. The child understands the social worth of speech. By eighteen months, the childs vocabulary numbers 5-20 words, mainly comprising of nouns. They exhibit echolalia; the repetitive uttering of a word and a lot of emotional jargon. They can track basic guidelines. At age two, children can name several items present in their environment. They can utilize at least two prepositions among in, on, under. They can join words into simple sentences mainly comprising of nouns and verbs. They can utter about 67 percent intelligible content and possess 150-300 words vocabulary. The pace and fluency of speech is not well developed with disorganized voice pitch and capacity. Three pronouns, I me and you, are properly used though I is confused with me. The child starts to use my and mine and can react to the command show me your nose (Ritzman, Sanger, 2006, p.271). By the time they are 36 months old, children correctly use the pronouns you and I, several past tenses and plurals and are familiar with at least three prepositions like on, in and under. They recognize and can point out main body organs. They can easily manage three-word sentences and have a vocabulary base of 900-100 words. The use of verbs is predominant. They can comprehend basic queries on their environment and actions and coherently narrates experiences. The kid can answer questions like what one must do when hungry, cold, sleepy or thirsty. They can state their age, gender and names, though they dont usually answer all queries even though they have the answers. At age two, the kid comprehends names of popular animals and can show meanings of at least four prepositions by employing them in sentences. They can name usual items in books or magazine pictures and are familiar with one or more colors. The child can repeat 4 slowly issued digits as well as four syllable words. They can show their comprehension of over and under. The child is aware of most vowels and diphthongs as well as the consonants p, b, m, w, n. They frequently participate in make-believe and perform in-depth verbalization as they perform their activities. They comprehend the contrast notions of larger and longer. Basic commands are adhered to promptly even in the absence of physical stimulus (Ritzman, Sanger, 2006, p.276). At 60 months of age, kids can simultaneously use descriptive adjective and adverb words and are aware of basic opposites like: heavy-light, hard-soft and little-big. They can count up to ten and have number notions amounting to four or more. Speech is fully intelligible with slight articulation hindrances. All consonants (p, m, h, b, k, w, t, g, n, d, ng, y) and vowels are known. The kid can recap as long as nine-word sentences. They can explain usual items based on their uses, for instance, chair, hat and shoe. Kids can adhere to three commands issued in succession are aware of their ages. Basic time notions, for example, afternoon, morning, day, night, later, after, tomorrow, today, yesterday, and while, are well understood. They can utilize quite long, compound and complex sentences. Speech is generally grammatically sound. By age six, children have added the consonants f, sh, v, th, zh, to their vocabulary. Speech is completely logical and socially important. They can relate a connected story about a diagram emphasizing linkages between items and events. At age seven, they have integrated the consonants s-z, r, inaudible th, ch, wh, and the sleek g like in George. They can easily manage similarities like: man-woman, girl-boy, swims-flies, ling-short, sharp-blunt, sour-sweet. They comprehend the sense of, alike, end and different. They can state time to quarter hour and can write or print numerous words and perform basic reading (Murata, 2000, p.536). At eight years, a kid easily relays past events using compound and complex sentences. Few breaks in grammatical constructions occur and all sounds of speech, including consonant mixes, are developed. Reading is easy and writes basic compositions. Where appropriate, social amenities are present in the kids speech with properly developed volume, rate and pitch control. Conversations are almost at adult level and they can adhere to complex commands with minimal repetition. Time and number notions are well established. Speech is the audible expression of language and is developed in the brain. The brain organizes muscles and body organs coordination in the production of unambiguous properly-developed speech. The brain controls the movements of the oral cavity constituents including tongue, lips and jaw as well as movements of the larynx constituents. These physical structures make up speech hardware whereas their activities compose speech software. The respiratory structure, comprising of trachea (windpipe), lungs and rib cage, supplies air making the vocal cords vibrate resulting in the production of sound. The auditory system, composed of outer ear, auditory nerve, inner ear, auditory canal, and brain auditory receptors, facilitates monitoring of speech and comprehension of the speech of others (Murata, 2000, p.541). Reference Murata, N (2000). Speech-Language Strategies for Physical Educators. JOPERD-The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation 520-544 Ritzman, M. 263-282

Australia Essays - Climate Of Australia, Rain, Free Essays

Australia Essays - Climate Of Australia, Rain, Free Essays Australia Australia is an island continent and is located southeast of Asia . Australia is the smallest continent in the world . Australia is made up of six states . The climate in Australia varies greatly : a hot season , wet season with rains falling mainly in February and March. During which north western has warm and dry season. Australians mineral

Prevent School Violence essays

Prevent School Violence essays At 11:21 a.m. Mountain Time on April 20, 1999, the Jefferson County Communications Center of the Sheriff's Office received a total of five calls from local residents living near Columbine High School, located within Jefferson County, Colorado. It is at this time, as reported by eye witnesses and the press, that at least two armed people entered the southeast Columbine High School parking lot. They reportedly threw a few devices that exploded in the parking lot, and shot at the school. A mass exodus of at least 1,500 students fled the school when the shooting began, while others hid in classrooms within the school for hours. The assailants stalked the halls early on in the shooting, blasting away innocent people. In upwards of thirty students were terrorized by the shooters in the large library of the school, with nearly a dozen killed in cold blood. "I heard maybe 50, 60 shots in the library and they chucked four to five pipe bombs in the room," said student Evan Todd. Fourteen stu dents, including the shooters themselves, and one teacher, died during the attack; a total of 15 deaths. About 23 students and faculty were seriously injured.(Luzadder, Dan; Vaughan, Kevin) Could this have been avioded? When your child is sitting in a class room, do you worry about your him or her? No probably not, there in the care of an qualified educated person. They should be safe from outside danger, but inside is another matter. It happens quite a bit in our classrooms, even with the teachers present. Children harassing children, teasing each other, hurting each other. Yet, the teachers seem no to notice it going on in there school. I see these specials on the news about High Schoolers beating up each other in there school cafeteria , and I wonder, where were the teachers. Did they all just magically disappear? Why with all the security we spend money on, we still have these cases of school violence getting out hand. Though most of the school viole...

Biblical Theme of Justice, Love, Fidelity, Mercy Term Paper

Biblical Theme of Justice, Love, Fidelity, Mercy - Term Paper Example The Old Testament narrates events that occurred during the time of Abraham, Moses, and the lives of Israelites. The common bible has 66 books written by various authors, at a different period influenced by the Holy Spirit. It is reputable that the bible is the most sold manuscript in the historical world compared to other literary books. Justice, fidelity, love and mercy are core themes found in the bible and are discussed aptly. Old Testament God is just and desires man to practice integrity according to his guidance and instructions. He wants justice to be practiced in interpersonal relations among the populace. Justice refers to policies and set of laws that bind the society mutually in the Old Testament. The laws in testament are aimed at bringing harmony and love among people. Justice is viewed as liberation when the Israelites were liberated from the repression of slavery in Egypt (Groody, 33) Justice is depicted when God made a covenant with the Israelites after rescuing them from oppression and taking them to Promised Land. "’(The Egyptians) made the people of Israel serve with rigour and made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and brick, and in all kinds of work in the field; in all their work they made them serve with rigour’ (Exodus 1: 13-14).† (The Irish Commission for Justice, & Peace, 4)... The term ‘Yahweh the liberator’ is common in Old Testament since he is responsible in assisting the demoralized, and defenseless in society. They were overworked for a period in anticipating that God would come to their rescue and deliver them from subjugation. According to the Old Testament, a person cannot be just when relating to the covenant made amid man and God (Groody, 33). The covenant required Israelites to be just by assisting the oppressed and deprived. Justice significantly emphasizes on quality of human relation rather than the social power and person’s rights. The relationship existing amid individuals should be guided by covenant’s qualities such as steadfast, love, mercy and faithfulness. Amusingly, Israelites perceived a ‘just’ person as an individual who is well off and lives a comfortable life. The continuity in the development of the theme is seen in the story of Job, whose life experience teaches people that justice is appr eciating good things in life and the ability to be aware that everything in existence is a gift from God. Prophet Zephaniah and Jeremiah esteemed the poor in the society since they were perceived as the chosen instrument in God’s implementation of justice. The act of justice by the Israelites is the basis of Israel’s faith. God is referred to as the ‘God of Covenant’ since he rejects worship that prohibits the significance and practice of justice. Consequently, for a Christian to be perceived as redeemer of the subjugated, he/she has to observe the duties critically (Groody, 32). New Testament Justice should prevail in society, and individuals should learn to be understanding and caring to be perceived justly. A ‘just’ person lives in accordance to the covenant way of life

Critically discuss the following statement with reference to the Best Essay

Critically discuss the following statement with reference to the Best Practice and Best Fit approaches to strategic Human Re - Essay Example What makes some organisations prosper while others fail? Is applying the ‘best practices’ more successful than applying the ‘best fit’ approach to strategic HRM. These are questions that need to be addressed for a firm to develop the right strategy to drive it to success. According to Boxall and Purcell (2000, p. 193), ‘there are various principles and processes of good labour management but the methods firm adopt to reach their performance goals are affected by societal, sectoral, and organisational factors.’ This is a statement that needs to be explored further bearing in mind the importance attached to SHRM by firms as a means of achieving effectiveness and thus will be the subject of this research. To explore this issue further, the paper will first define the concepts used since various definitions affect the results of any research. Concepts such as strategy, strategic management, HR strategy and business strategy need to be understood for better evaluation of the different approaches involved. It will then discuss the ‘best fit’ and ‘best practice’ approaches to strategic human resource management (SHRM), their strengths as well as weaknesses. Though both approaches have been known to work for organisations, it should be argued that the ‘best practice’ approach is the most suitable in achieving organisational success. Besides the two approaches, the resource-based view of the firm is also worthy noting since it can solve the problems of ‘best fit’ and ‘best practice’ approaches. Definitions The strategic human resource management is derived from two concepts: strategy and HRM. Strategy is defined by Armstrong (2006, p. 113 cited in Johnstone and Scholes, 1993) as ‘the direction and scope of an organisation over longer time which matches its resources to its changing environment and in particular, to its markets, customers and clients to meet shar eholder expectations.’ The strategy is developed by managers to give the firm purpose and direction and as such, for strategy to be developed the firm has to have specific goals it wants to pursue and indicated in its vision and mission statement. It is essential in informing the stakeholders where the company is heading so that all their behaviours can be directed in the same direction. There are various levels of strategy: corporate, business and HR strategy. The corporate strategy is designed to direct the whole organisation whether local or global. It is developed at the top level of the corporation. Business strategy on the other hand, it designed for specific business units to achieve competitive advantage (Armstrong, 2006). HR strategies are aimed at ensuring the employees perform according to expected standards for organisational success, and these will be the concern for this paper. It is a pattern of strategic choices in labour management (Boxall and Purcell, 2000, p. 184). Human resource management is defined by Boxall and Purcell (2000, p. 184) as ‘anything and everything associated with management of employment relations in the firm’. They acknowledge the use of various management styles in contemporary workplaces depending on organisation context and the leadership in place. HRM concept has evolved over time from traditional personnel management to the now popular international SHRM and thus has been the object of debate in social sciences and academics. Theorists have come up with various methods of

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay Fitzgerald condemns his readers to the knowledge that the American dream is not the key to eudemonia but rather the stair way which once started upon leads inescapably to destruction. When we refuse to accept reality, we lose it completely. The notion of the American dream is a primary concern in the novel. Coincidentally Fitzgerald shows it to be just that. A dream. The frequent, yet subtle references to theatre, fantasy and ideals throughout the novel reinforce this. Like any ideal, it is flawed through human conception and action. It is Nick who describes Gatsbys transformation from young Gatz to Jay Gatsby, likening it to Platonic conception. It is in this sense that Gatsby has ultimately doomed himself. Platos beings were perfect, ideals of human aspirations, formed by the infallible sculptor, in contrast, the vague contour of Jay Gatsby had filled out with the help of a singularly appropriate education by a man who embodied the savage violence of the frontier brothel. Regardless of the fact that this ideal Gatsby is fundamentally flawed, Gatsbys inability to truly become the ideal also hinders him. He is neither one thing nor the other, instead he dances along the precipice, unable to bear being young Gatz but also unable to transform completely into Jay Gatsby, this is evident both through his conspicuous absence from his own elaborate parties, he was not there; and in the flaws of his props, eg. the absolutely real books which adorn the library but have never been read. Every thing about the created character of Jay Gatsby is extravagant, as though young Gatz feels the need to over compensate lest someone see through his charade. Like the books, the parties, the clothes and the elaborate formality of speech Daisy is yet another prop, similar to the medal from Montenegro, to add to the collection of the convincing artefacts which confirm Jay Gatsbys life. Nick describes how the fact that men had previously loved Daisy increased her value in the eyes of Gatz. This reinforces her position as an object but more importantly she was a convincing object, an appropriate object for glorious future of Jay Gatsby.  Daisy was an object to strive towards, as utterly unattainable as the American dream but something which never-the-less lingers on the peripheral of Gatsbys consciousness yet will remain insubstantial because of Gatsbys lack of substance. It is in the final stages of the novel where battle between idealist fantasy and reality is finally ended for Gatsby. His invisible cloak of illusion slips from his shoulders, the contour of Jay Gatsby is shattered, broken up like glass against Toms hard Malice but with it is also broken the remaining fragments of Gatz, for he was both and neither, living in constant illusion which was decimated by the harsh light of reality. Without the barrier of that last hope, the commitment to the following of a grail, Gatsby was gone. The fact that he was shot by Wilson is irrelevant for in truth he was already dead the moment that shimmering green light faded. Instead of attaining happiness in the pursuit of the dream Gatsby is destroyed by it. Like his elaborate library, with absence of one book, or one hope, the entire thing was liable to collapse.

Judith Lorbers The Social Construction of Gender Essay -- Socializati

Judith Lorber is able to convey many of her ideals about our contemporary conceptions of gender in her essay, ?The Social Construction of Gender.? Not only does she clearly express her opinions on the roles of physiological differences of the male and female bodies, but she also elaborates on the roles of the mass media and professional sports among other things. It rapidly becomes clear that there are many legitimate arguments that support this movement for near or complete equality in genders and the roles that they perform. Clearly, society has been created around two separate classes or genders: men and women. Lorber argues that much of what we consider to be gender has no place in the natural order of the things. She is able to begin her argument by citing that gender has often been a literal creation of man in many cases such as those of hermaphrodites. Should a baby be born with characteristics that do not fully represent the male or the female gender, a doctor will judge the baby based on the size and shape of its gentiles, and then transform him/her into one or the other. Though there are more advanced techniques employed in this process today, this does illustrate the arbitrary meanings of gender. Lorber holds many of the same views as the average feminist and more. She agrees with the view that genders are nothing more than a ?cultural overlay? and is oppressive to females. Though she does not dispute the fact that there are many differences in physical, intellectual, and emotional characteristics between men and women, Lorber claims that these differences are socially meaningless until social practices transform them into social facts.? (Lorber, Page 40) These include most activities from professio... ...ation of people by their behavioral patterns and their physical or mental aptitudes and shortcomings rather than gender alone. Though this hardly seems like a feasible solution with the state of contemporary society, it appears to solve some of the most deep-rooted problems of gender inequality. Larry Gross is able to offer some insight into resistance of this culture by suggesting the support and growth of media that both produced by and aimed at specific genders and sexual minorities. Though such changes are already beginning to take place in the media today, it will surely by quite some time before these goals are realized in magnitude sought after by Gross. Though both of these authors present possible advancements for their ideals, they are truly up against powerful opposition and are not likely to see their desired changes any time in the near future.

Conceptualizing a New Product or Service Division of an Existing Business Essay

The success of an organization depends on the strategic plan. In the plan, it will define the mission, vision, ad value statements. The strategic plan is designed to assist the organization with its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The SWOT analysis will help develop a strong strategic plan and map out the direction to follow to achieve an organizational vision and goal. The purpose of this paper is to cover the mission, vision and core value of De Von’s Printing. Define the guiding principles and strategic direction. Then introduce and identify the customer’s needs and how it achieves competitive advantage. Mission De Von’s is classified as a full service printing provider for standard and custom invitation, web design, and web support. The company’s clientele are individuals and organizations of any size or nature. The services offered to the clientele ranges from standard to custom. De Von’s center its dedication and customer appreciation around the skills of displaying the most outstanding customer service to each customer that the company serve. The company’s mission statement is to provide the customer with the highest quality product and service in a timely manner, and provide each customer with a competitive price. We will be honest, give professional advice and provide friendly customer service. Our goal will be to meet and exceed full expectation. The mission statement is a written declaration of an organization’s core purpose and focus that normally remains unchanged over time. Properly crafted mission statements (1) serve as filters to separate what is important from what is not, (2) clearly state which markets will be served and how, and (3) communicate a sense of  intended direction to the entire organization (â€Å"Mission Statement†, 2014). Vision De Von’s vision statement is to be a leader in the Printing industry. The way the company will display and honor the statement is to use innovative work practice with a self-improvement of the culture, to evaluate the new technology that will add value, and being socially responsible. We commit to our principles, product and service, ad clientele. The vision statement is an aspirational description of what an organization would like to achieve or accomplish in the mid-term or long-term future. It is intended to serves as a clear guide for choosing current and future courses of action (â€Å"Vision Statement†, 2014). Core Value The company’s core values are to discipline and respect the commitment that was developed, ownership to the goals, and take accountability and responsibility for our actions, uphold the trust, sensitivity, and professional conduct, and have a quality orientation and purpose of excellence. The core values are a company’s ethical and moral compass and decision making foundation. They are the ideals and ethics that management holds dear. They drive decision making in that they are constantly referred to in the decision making process. That is, when in a tough spot, the answer needs, first and foremost, to be consistent with the company values. They are generally for both internal and external consumption. They tell those in the company how things are done and those outside the company why they want to be associated with this company. Corporate values are best when they are few in number but high in meaning and lived daily (â€Å"Mission, Vision, and Value†, 2013). Guiding Principles The company’s core value is developed around the certainty that the standard and custom printing is a way to produce quality invitations for the clients. This makes it easier for those that do not wont cheap printing and looking for a professional look. De Von’s Printing guiding business principles are committed to follow is: a. Listen and communicate b. Leadership c. Courtesy and respectful d. Exceed customer expectation e. Excellence f. Share knowledge g. Simple process h. Team work i. Participate and contribute to activities The company has beliefs that the custom printing will target a huge segment of clients, who are in need of quality printing. The management team wants to serve a competitive price depending on the design. Organization’s Strategic Direction De Von’s objectives for the future are to achieve the goals in the strategic plan to expand on the growth for the company. Once the achievement has been accomplished, the management team would review the profit made and look at other opportunities in the printing industry such as screen printing. De Von’s future goal is to add to the partnership network with the competitors such as Paramount Printing. The executive and management team has discussed the advancement plan of the objectives. The objectives would include connect with web designers and screen printing organizations, communicate, and advertise the new service. Produce a partnership with local competitors by advertising workshops or seminars, and use a recruitment method to reach out to master printers. Use social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, to advertise and promote the product and service. The strategic plan solely depends on the mission, vision, and core values. The mission statement identifies the company and who it supports; the clientele, employees, and investors. The mission statement recognizes the proficiency within the industry. The clients realize that De Von’s Printing is committed with customer satisfaction, focus, and outstanding abilities. The vision statement summaries how the company wants to succeed by providing outstanding products and service to the clients. De Von’s vision is to become one of the popular printing companies in the area and through the United States. This shows that the company is committed to accomplishing and achieving excellence to the clients, staff and investors. It also shows that the ownership has motivation to be the best it can be and be loyal to  the goals for the company to expand. The core values of De Von’s Printing are correspondingly as impertative as the mission and vision statement of the organization’s strategic plan. Lastly, the value of integrity shows that cl ients and employees can trust the company to do what is right for not only clients, employees, and shareholders, but for the community and society as well. The Customer Needs and Achieved Competitive Advantages De Von’s top priority is to be able to meet the customer’s needs. The company has developed a strong communication method. This method has allowed the management team to utilize his or her listening skills. Once the communication and listening plan was put in place, they were able to understand what the clients were looking for in a product and services. There are three steps the team would need to follow in order to bring satisfaction to the clients. The steps would be Listen, Process, and Deliver. The team took the steps and developed a plan. The first step is Listen. Team A took the information from the clients and was able to understand what he or she was trying to achieve. Team B had the Process step. They reviewed the multiple solutions that were available and then were able to decide the best one for each individual or organization. In the Process step, the team used the advanced solution instead of the cheaper one. The last step is the deliver. This step Team C set a method for the clients to follow through, and establish a way for the client to meet the request of the customers by providing on time service, and a committed competitive price. De Von’s focus is to remain in an advance stage of bring competitive with the competitors. The management team and executive leaders have put in place ways to stay competitive in the Printing Industry. An incentive and training program was put in place to provide positive resources for the employees. Conclusion De Von’s Printing has a strong method of maintaining a positive strategic plan. The mission, vision, and values were properly evaluated and developed with a smooth path of organization. The mission statement identifies the company and who it supports; the clientele, employees, and investors. The vision statement gives a view of where the company has set out for the future and in what direction they plan to be. The core values are a guide  that helps the company to meet the goals that are set. De Von’s management team has realized that their biggest competitive advantage will be the clientele and the employees. . Reference â€Å"Mission Statement†, (2014). Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/mission-statement.html#ixzz35ZMkiGFn â€Å"Vision Statement†, (2014). Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/vision-statement.html#ixzz35aW3DgZb â€Å"Mission, Vision, and Value statement†, (2013). Retrieved from http://www.bellevuechamber.org/links/pdf/mission_vision_and_values_template.pdf

A Compare and Contrast of the New Product Development Model Essay

New product developments are one of the main sources of competitive advantage for companies today. Companies need new product to keep up with its’ competitors. New product development can be considered as activities that aim to bring new products to market. The objective of NPD is to minimize the risk of failure. As NPD absorbs both financial and human resources from a company, it is therefore necessary to develop and implement a methodology for assisting in the introduction of new products. NPD models can help to identify problems at an early stage and assist in directing the NPD effort in the right direction. It can be used as a roadmap and provides an indication of magnitude of the project required in order to develop and launch a new product. It also helps to reduce risk and uncertainty at every stage by giving guidance regarding what information is required. An example of well known model is Booz, Allen, and Hamilton Model (1982). It has been argued that pass-the-parcel approach to NPD might extend the overall development time. However in more recent models, focus has been given to parallel-processing. The next section mentions about three model of NPD. Cooper’s stage-gate model A stage-gate model (Cooper, 1988) is improved from BAH model. The stage-gate model attempts to overcome pass-the-parcel issues which do not suitable for communicating the horizontal dimension of the NPD process. The stage-gate model uses parallel-processing to acknowledge the iterations between and within stages. The idea of parallel processing advises that major functions should be involved from the early stages of the NPD process to its conclusion. This allows problems to be detected and solved much earlier than in the classic models. The idea of dividing the new product development process into distinct phases or stages is the same as BAH model, but in the stage gate model the phases are more clearly separated from each other with management decision gates. In addition to the discovery gate, the model consists of five action stage: scoping, build business case, development, testing and validation, and launch. Stages are cross functional and each activity is undertaken in parallel to enhance speed to market. To manage risk, the parallel activities in a certain stage must be designed to gather vital information – technical, market, financial, operations – in order to drive down the technical and business risk. Each successive stage is also more costly than previous stage. The idea is to allow an increase in spending on the development of projects as the uncertainty goes down. Preceding each stage is a decision point or gate which serves as a go/kill and prioritization decision point. The advantages of the stage-gate are following: Well organized innovation can be a source of competitive advantage. -Accelerated product development. Necessary because of shortening product life cycles. -Increased success chance of new products. Prevents poor projects early and helps to redirect them -Integrated market orientation. Multiple convergent model The multiple convergent model (Baker and Hart, 1994) follows parallel processing – like the stage-gate model – which allows iterations among participants within stages. However, there are two problems with parallel processing. First, it ignores the important inputs to NPD that are provided by customers and suppliers. Second, if functions are to work in parallel then when do the processes take decisions and move on to the next stage? The multiple convergent model overcomes the issue by using convergent point, where is defined as â€Å"to move or cause to move towards the same point† or to â€Å"tend towards as common conclusion or result†. The model takes account of the functionally distinct tasks which must be carried out simultaneously at specific points throughout the NPD process and that the results must converge. And, due to iterations in the processes, this convergence is likely to happen several times. As the process moves from one step to another, the information gathered becomes more precise and reliable and the decisions are made with greater certainty. This model is therefore advantageous over the stage-gate in that the framework can easily accommodate third parties, provides mechanisms for real integration throughout the process among different functions set in the convergent points and fit into the most appropriate NPD structures for the company. Network model The multiple convergent model fails to highlight the importance of â€Å"inter-organizational collaboration† in a firm’s network. Networks in NPD could and should be considered at two different levels: external and internal level. And it should be realized that the functioning of the internal networks directly influences the efficiency and efficacy of the external network. According to the network model (Trott, 1998), the development and management of knowledge is one of the most important traits of the new product development. It represents the process of accumulation of knowledge crossing continuously over different internal functions, through which both internal and external knowledge is integrated in the process. Four different internal functions are related to new product development: marketing and sales, finance, engineering and manufacturing, and research and development. Different external inputs such as competitors, suppliers, partners, customers, university departments and so on are also presented. Conclusion NPD is a process of transforming business opportunity into tangible products. In order to reduce risks of failure associated with developing a new product, many models have been developed to assist in NPD activities. These models have evolved from the simple linear models to the more complex network models. And, in order for developers of new products to be successful, they must take into consideration the critical success factors in NPD.

Starting from Scratch Professor Ramos Blog

Starting from Scratch Do you remember when you started walking? At the age of 15 I couldn’t walk. I was diagnosed with Guillain–Barre’ Syndrome. The scientific definition is an acute form of polyneuritis, often preceded by a respiratory infection, causing weakness and often paralysis of the limbs. A condition in which the immune system attacks the nerves. In my terms I couldn’t walk. It all started one night, I was on the phone walking in the hallway enjoying my teen life just laughing, then BOOM!!!! I’m on the floor somehow, I fell. I tried to get myself up, but it didn’t work. Tried pulling on my rails to help myself stand up, that didn’t work either. All I could do now was yell, â€Å"Mom! Mom! I need your help!† You can tell she thought I was playing, then when she understood it wasn’t a joke she pulled me up and we immediately went to the Emergency Room. Being at the hospital with no clue of what was happening with my body was extremely nerve racking. The doctor initially said I would die, no hesitation no empathy. His exact words, â€Å"She’s not going to make it.† I instantly started crying, tears were running down my face like a river stream. What was left for me? To die in a hospital bed? Every thought, emotion, and feeling passed through my head as I laid in the hospital bed looking at my mom hopelessly. She tried being strong for me holding my hand telling me, â€Å"You’re going to make it through, we got God on our side and he is your doctor who will heal you.† She ended up going into the hallways, to make numerous of calls to the family to tell them my horrible condition, to ask for prayer and visitors to try and lift my spirits. Being in the hospital with no luck of life pretty much sucks. I was sent through several different test to figure out what was truly wrong with me. I went through x-ray, cat scan, MRI, and even nerve conduction velocity test (NCV). An MRI is a magnetic resonance imaging its like a cat scan, but much more in detail. Its like you’re on a cot bed and your sent through a big donut hole inch by inch to scan your whole body. If you’re claustrophobic good luck. If you move, guess what they got to start all over. They tried to give me ear plugs for the MRI, but that doesn’t make the sound go away it just intensifies it. THUMP, THUMP, DOOM, DOOM, DOOM, beepbeepbeepbeep. The best thing for me to do was try and sing in my head any gospel song I could to outdo the loud banging and tight space. The NCV was definitely the worst test. It’s like you’re being electrocuted to try to detect abnormal nerves. Like on the movies when they have a hostage and try to shock them and turn up the power to see how much they can sustain, well that is exactly what I felt. I went through so many test and different doctors to try and tell me my possibilities. To then find out it could all be cured. I can be able to possibly be normal again. They finally told me I was diagnosed with Guillain- Barre’ Syndrome and like you I was stumped. What is it, why me and how in the world was I the lucky one to catch it? But to be able to regain my life back was like hitting the lottery to me. I was put on an IV treatment for 5 days and was transported to a hospital that had a better Neurology program to better assist me. I refused to let that sickness take over my body, I was determined. I had to show those doctors that even though I’m 15 I’m full of fight and I want to go home to better myself. I used to walk around the hospital for as long as I could. I couldn’t do it on my own I had to use a walker and my mom would have a sheet wrapped around my stomach right above my waist to keep my balance and make sure if I was to collapse she was my support to pull me up. When it was finally time to go home, lucky me it was Christmas Eve and that was my Christmas present. They tried to put me in a wheelchair, but I refused to be handicap and not at least push myself enough to want to better myself. I had to go to occupational and physical therapy to be able to regain my strength and get my muscles back working. I went to occupational and physical therapy 2-3 times a week for a month and a half. I had to use a walker, hold walls and rails anything to help me walk. My life was like a movie, at therapy I had to hold on to the bars to try to walk. On the treadmill I had to have support on me and around me while only walking 5mph. Seems slow? Nope that was my average walk, maybe a little too fast. I had to get my gripping back to normal, so I had to hold small things and rub them around until I felt all sensation from it. Sounds strange to the average teen, but this was my life and unfortunately, I had to deal with it. One day at home I got tired of sleeping in my brother’s room and I wanted my bed and my peace, so I got up. I got up went to the stairs and said determined, â€Å"I want my bed back!† I grabbed the rail and took my time and slowing making my way up step by step. Almost halfway through my brother saw me and helped me the rest of the way, but I told him â€Å"I got it bro, but just stay behind me if I fall† we laughed, and I kept pushing myself to finish those 16 steps. I finally made it to my room and I knew if I could do that alone, I could walk without support soon enough. My therapy finally ended, and I still wasn’t fully walking without support. I didn’t trust in myself enough to let go of my support. The choice was mine go back to school after Spring break or stay home schooled for the rest of the year. Of course, I wanted my old life back, friends, being normal again. So yes, going back to school was the only option. I started going up and down the stairs more, slowly but surely, I wasn’t going to need the rails anymore and not even the walker either. I left the walker in my room, and just started holding the walls, that way I can stand straight up and use my full strength. Within that month I was walking without any support, I wasn’t running but I was making progress. I couldn’t have been more proud of myself. Regardless of your situation or circumstance never give up. Many people may have it worse than you, but they don’t show it. Take it one day at a time and be grateful for those you do have and what you’re capable of. I had an amazing team behind me from my Neurologist to my physical therapist to my family and friends, everybody played a great part in helping me recover. My doctor told me it was a 5% chance of it coming back, but I should be fine. I was on A LOT of vitamins and medicine to build my immune system back to its healthy state. It has now been ten years since I was diagnosed, and I am just fine, my legs they work perfectly! All I can say is without faith and a great support system I probably wouldn’t have been so determined to break through because it can take years for someone to recover from that. I’m just glad I made it.

English Essay Science Essays - Literature, Canadian Literature

English Essay Science Essays - Literature, Canadian Literature Scientific Progress and its Costs Scientific progress is undoubtedly positive, it is the driving force behind human kinds expansion. It created many of the things that have allowed humans to become the most powerful animal on earth. However as scientific progress, eventually other things need to be eased back to allow for progression to continue. In the novel Oryx and Crake By Margaret Atwood, a society is depicted where scientific progress has almost taken over every other aspect of society. The main character Jimmy is born and raised in the luxurious compounds. Where corporations create the most advanced products for consumers in the compounds and the pleeblands. Jimmy grows up seeing the complications scientific progress can create. From his poor relationship with his family to the virus he helps his childhood friend spread, it is clear that Jimmy has seen the best and worst that scientific progress has to offer. Ultimately, When scientific progress is given reign over all other aspects of society, the impact o n human culture, relationships, life, and even the earth itself are tremendous. In a society where science shrouds society's focus, humanities lose its importance. In Oryx and Crake, the corporations consistently push for progression of science and discourage people to pursue other fields of work. This can be seen from how Jimmy has to be tutored by crake so he can get passable grades. Crake shows Jimmy shows how to solve math and science problems, "but Jimmy [does] not see, and it did not all come clear." (Atwood 174) To Crake math and science problems are easy to understand, but Jimmy struggles with them and is not able to see what Crake sees. Instead of the school system allowing Jimmy to take humanities courses, where he excels, he has to take science subjects, and search for alternative methods to learn subjects. This is reflective of the society that he lives in, the corporations don't want people practicing humanities, and instead want them to focus on science, causing humanities to fade away from society. Furthermore, Jimmy and Crake grew up playing games like Blood and Roses, "a trading game [] the blood side [plays] with human atrocities for the counters [] massacres, genocides [] the roses side [plays] with human achievements, artworks, scientific breakthroughs." (78) This game reflects the society's lack of care for human history, positive and negative. The focus is purely put towards progression, and humanities, specifical history, are forgotten and only relevant in computer games. This causes people to not learn from humanity's past mistakes, and try to not repeat these mistakes. Lastly, when Jimmy graduates, he goes to Martha-Graham, a school that was, "falling apart [] surrounded [] by the tackiest kind of pleeblands." (185) meanwhile Crakes school Watson-Crick, " was a palace, at the entrance way was a bronzed statue of the institution ' s mascot [] the extensive grounds inside the security walls [was] beautifully laid out" (199) The two different states of the schools show where society's focus is. Jimmy ch ooses to pursue humanities, and because of this gets something much lesser than Crake, who goes to school for science. This shows how because of the focus put on scientific progression, humanities and people practicing it lose importance and relevance in society. In conclusion, because of the compounds pushing the limits of scientific progression, humanities are almost forgotten. People's re la tionships are ruined when society puts stress on advancing scientific progress. In the novel, many people struggle to form relationships, and when relationships are formed, they hav e often torn apart because of the society push for scientific progression. When Jimmy is growing up his father is a big scientist at OrganInc Farms, wh e re he is working on the pigoon project. When Jimmy ' s father makes a joke that upsets Jimmy, his mother says, " " Leave Daddy alone" [says] his mother "Daddy is thinking. That's what they pay him for. He do esn' t have time for you right now." (20) It is clear that because of Jimmy ' s father ' s job, and its heavy work demands, that not only Jimmy ' s relationship suffers, but so does his parent ' s marriage.

'The analytical study of communication and media is central to Essay

'The analytical study of communication and media is central to understanding the ways we live now'. Discuss - Essay Example Hence, the essence is communication and its expression is through different media including language. The scope of variety in media is reflected in the statement, â€Å"In asking what computers can do, we are drawn into asking what people do with them, and in the end into addressing the fundamental question of what it means to be human† (Winograd and Flores 1986, p.7). Here, the medium referred to is computers. Keeping in view this diversity in media forms and the different ways of communication that is made through them, this essay is an attempt to understand, how and why communication and media is central to understanding the ways we live now. Now we have two types of media; one is the media that helps communication among two individuals, or within a small group which is called local media and the second is mass media or global media (Machin and Leeuwen, 2007, p.7-10). While media like a low range microphone or a telephone are considered as included in the first category, me dia like, newspapers, magazines, film, radio etc. are considered as mass media because they can at a time reach out to ‘n’ number of people (Machin and Leeuwen, 2007, p.7-10). ... example, Hall (19 June 1992, p.8) has drawn attention to the creation of new ‘cultures of hybridity†, brought about by the interaction of local media with the global (mass) media. Here, the reference is to a new kind of culture that is emerging out of the interactions with local and global media. It has to be remembered that before mass media emerged, â€Å"public life was linked to a common locale; an event became public when a plurality of people physically congregated to hear and see the communication of a message, whether a band of traveling minstrels or an execution in the town square† (Craig, 2004, p.6). In this way, media created a new kind of public life and also helped us to understand it as well. In the context of a medium like television, when viewed in a house hold, it has been observed that, â€Å"the spatial separation of producer from consumer, combined with the temporal simultaneity and continuity of transmission and reception, have given rise to a n ‘aesthetic’ and a communicative style† (Moores, 2000, p.13). It is through this complex prism of space and time, that we now view life. Another interesting aspect has been that the media has made it possible for us to see ourselves very closely and from new different angles. This is why we say that now our life is â€Å"mediated† (Craig, 2004, p.4). Especially, media and the communication through them have been viewed as â€Å"the sites where the meanings of public life are generated, debated and evaluated† (Craig, 2004, p.4). Media and communication have been crucial in developing our outlook of a global society, in expanding our vision of the world, bringing news from all around the world to us within no time, media and communication have made us aware what we are, by helping our knowledge to

Business to Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business to Business - Assignment Example The paper tells that trade or business has always been one of the vital factors that have regulated the growth and development of any civilization. It has not only helped in the advancement of civilization but also been instrumental in the process of globalization. However, with the passage of time, the process of globalization and modernization has brought significant changes in the social, cultural and economic aspects of human race. The most significant change can be observed in the field of technology which has dramatically altered and influenced the business activities. The process of globalization and modernization has made the global business environment very attractive with business organizations being able to access overseas markets with least constraints compared to earlier times. However, on the other hand, due to globalization, the global business environment has become much more competitive with the introduction of free trade policies. . In this regard, Hope and Maeleng have identified free trade policy as a â€Å"competition-enhancing device†. In order to cope with this increase in competition, business organizations are constantly trying to bring in a number of improvements in their business activities and hence, they clearly identify the importance of business activities and associated stakeholders. Business related transactions can happen between any two individuals, or government and non-government organization. In this age of technological advancements, business organizations are trying to maintain transactions in electronic medium. The use of internet backed technologies like e-commerce has revolutionized all types of business transactions, be it business to business or business to customer transactions3. Relevant Literature In the post-modern business scenario, business models have been transformed with the changing nature of the business environment. In order to survive in the market, business organizations are constantly trying to incorporate technological advancement in their business process. E-commerce and e-business are two most vital technological advancements in this field. There are a number of reasons that has initialized such technological advancements. Barbara Parker has identifies major factors that brought such technological changes in the business process. Some of them are like increased process of innovation through research and developments; necessity of developed working process and lifestyles; demand for better interconnectivity in global market etc4. Due to these initiatives, the business organizations are currently enjoying better leverage for growth and development. The nature of the business model in an organization depends on the nature of commercial activities that they are engaged in. A business to business transaction is one in which a business organization interacts with another business organization. Example, in the case of manufacturers of automobile parts, they will be dealing wit h other automobile manufacturers who directly supply finished products to the market for sales... However, the company that buys automobile parts from another company and delivers the final product to the customer, is engaged in both commercial transactions, business to business and business to consumers. The primary focus of this paper is on the business to business commercial transaction and hence, the analysis and discussion aim to cater the same. Many post-modern organizations are incorporating latest technologies to enhance the value of their business by offering better customer services. In the process of business to business transactions, technologies like e-business and e-commerce influence the value chain of the company as the traditional value chain transforms to a new upgraded one. Value chain of a business includes its primary and supporting activities. The incorporation of e-business technologies in

Case study of Upton Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case study of Upton Ltd - Essay Example This is a situation where the interests of the family members are more likely to conflict with the interests of the business such as adherence to the objectives, plans and goals of the company. In this regard, it can be predicted that if there is significant conflict of interest within the company a programmed decision of closure of the restaurant or part of its business units can be made. Samantha who is the manager of the toy department is engaged with her studies which mean that she does not have adequate time to play her role within the Toy department which serves significant activities and processes within the restaurant. This means that the productivity of the Toy department will deteriorate as a result of poor management or absentee manager. This can be used to predict the closure of this department within a programmed decision framework. Furthermore disagreement between Samantha and Albert, her uncle, reveals that there is poor communication within the management team which i s as a result of age differences and opinion of managers on the best strategy of conducting business activities. It is argued that when the management team is unable to come into a consensus over decisions because of divergent views and interests, failure in effective decision making is likely to result (Simons 34). Therefore failure in decision making which represents an important function of the management team leads to programmed decision for closure of the restaurant. From the Upton Ltd case, it is notable that the promotion of employees to the top management positions is rarely based on qualifications. This is illustrated by the fact that Claude who was a chef was promoted directly into the manager position in the restaurant. The management team of a company must be equipped with adequate skills, knowledge and competencies which are required for effective management. Failure of a manager to exhibit these skills means that his or her managerial roles will not be effective and as a result translating into business failure (Gorry and Morton 27). In this regard therefore the lack of qualifications among some managers within Upton Ltd can be argued to be a reflection of a predictable business failure and as a result reaching a programmed decision for the closure of the restaurant. Lack of the stock control system within Upton Ltd demonstrates a looming failure in the business processes of the restaurant which can be used to make a programmed decision for closure is nothing is done soon to solve the problem. This problem within the restaurant is further revealed by the fact that storage of stock is largely inadequate and ineffective. In addition, it is notable from the case study that the equipment that is used within the restaurant is old and rarely maintained. Inappropriate equipment within a business entity is said to be the main cause of business process inefficiency which would lead to possible discontinuity of business processes (Gorry and Morton 31). It is therefore reflective from the case study that the restaurant faces a risk of losing business continuity which makes a programmed decision for closure a reality in the Upton Ltd case. Customer service is inefficient within the restaurant as reflected by the fact th

A Place That Is Important to Me Essay Example for Free

A Place That Is Important to Me Essay I have lived in Bunbury for 15years. My family has occupied the house in which I live for 10years. I have two sisters and two brothers. I am the middle child. I have always felt that my home has been an important place to me. I have countless memories held within these walls, and almost all of them are positive. Home to me, has always been the roof above my head. Recently though, when my elder sister moved out, I have been lost by what home truly means. If I no longer feel a sense of home under my roof, then where is my home? I try to answer this by thinking about the places that are important to me. As I do this I come to the realization that there is no one particular location that screams of an overwhelming importance to me. I have a myriad list of locations that I have felt some form of emotional connection with. But does this mean that all these places are a home to me? Where is my home? Important places to me are those that you don’t think you could live without. When I think of a soccer field, a dancing stage, or a couch to simply lie and have movie marathons on, I don’t think about the location, I think about the people involved in the memories created there. These places are important to me, not because they themselves are important, but because of the amazing memories I have experienced there. So if I were asked if I could live without these places, I would say no. But does that make them all a home to me? And if not, where is my home? Maybe home truly is where the heart is. A phrase I have always thought to be corny, but now however I see some form of factual meaning behind. Home to me is all about that sense of security and love. Knowing that you are wanted. So does this feeling necessarily have to come from a particular location? Could it not be found simply by doing something, or being with someone? And if home can really not be about the walls around you, where is my home? I try to think about when I’ve been my happiest, my safest, when I’ve felt unbelievably accepted and appreciated. I can only here say with complete honesty that I think of my sister. I think of all the fun and laughs we’ve had together. I think about how I feel every time I get to see her, and how I feel every time I have to say goodbye. I’ve come to realize that without her ever-bubbly presence in my life I have changed a lot. I believe that we, as humans, never purposefully change. We simply adjust to new things, and without realizing it we find new people to help us breathe. These people fill me with the utmost joy and security. These people are my home. An important place to me is my home. To have that sense of belonging, and know that there is always someone there to take care of you. That is my home. I have learnt how to cope without my sister, even though it proves hard at times, I have learnt to cope. For as hard as it is to know that she’s not around, I know other people will be. And that’s all I need. That sense of place, to know that no matter where I am or who I’m with, I am loved for myself. That’s what’s important.

Theme and Setting in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Theme and Setting in Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is a novella that is one story being told by Marlow within the actual story by Joseph Conrad. The novella is set on a boat, the Nellie, on the Thames river in England, but the story that Marlow tells is set in the Belgian Congo. When relating the theme of this novella to the setting it has to be looked at from both the Thames and Congo rivers. Heart of Darkness shows the superiority of whites over blacks in a context where the blacks are considered to be savages and whites are supposed to be civilized. Marlow is telling the story to his friends in the dark of night on the Thames river. As he begins the day is just ending "in a serenity of still and exquisite brilliance." It is a very sombre and dull atmosphere and as the calmness begins to fade it becomes more profound. At one point Marlow stops and is interrupted by the unknown narrator who describes the setting on the Nellie. "It had become so pitch dark that we listeners could hardly see one another. For a long time already he, sitting apart, had been no more to us than a voice....I listened, I listened on the watch for the sentence, for the word, that would give me the clew to the faint uneasiness inspired by this narrative that seemed to shape itself without human lips in the heavy nightair of the river." As the story ends the setting on the Thames river is once again described by the unseen narrator. "The offing was barred by a black bank of clouds, and the tranquil waterway leading to the uttermost ends of the earth flowed somber under an overcast sky-seemed to lead into the heart of an immense darkness." The superiority of whites over blacks in the novella faces the harsh reality that the whites are there not to colonize the Congo but to conquer it. As Marlow puts it "They were no colonists; their administration was merely a squeeze, and nothing more, I suspect. They were conquerors, and for that you want only brute force-nothing to boast of, when you have it, since your strength is just an accident arising from the weakness of others. Theme and Setting in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays Theme and Setting in Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is a novella that is one story being told by Marlow within the actual story by Joseph Conrad. The novella is set on a boat, the Nellie, on the Thames river in England, but the story that Marlow tells is set in the Belgian Congo. When relating the theme of this novella to the setting it has to be looked at from both the Thames and Congo rivers. Heart of Darkness shows the superiority of whites over blacks in a context where the blacks are considered to be savages and whites are supposed to be civilized. Marlow is telling the story to his friends in the dark of night on the Thames river. As he begins the day is just ending "in a serenity of still and exquisite brilliance." It is a very sombre and dull atmosphere and as the calmness begins to fade it becomes more profound. At one point Marlow stops and is interrupted by the unknown narrator who describes the setting on the Nellie. "It had become so pitch dark that we listeners could hardly see one another. For a long time already he, sitting apart, had been no more to us than a voice....I listened, I listened on the watch for the sentence, for the word, that would give me the clew to the faint uneasiness inspired by this narrative that seemed to shape itself without human lips in the heavy nightair of the river." As the story ends the setting on the Thames river is once again described by the unseen narrator. "The offing was barred by a black bank of clouds, and the tranquil waterway leading to the uttermost ends of the earth flowed somber under an overcast sky-seemed to lead into the heart of an immense darkness." The superiority of whites over blacks in the novella faces the harsh reality that the whites are there not to colonize the Congo but to conquer it. As Marlow puts it "They were no colonists; their administration was merely a squeeze, and nothing more, I suspect. They were conquerors, and for that you want only brute force-nothing to boast of, when you have it, since your strength is just an accident arising from the weakness of others.

Database: Design, Create, Populate, and Test

To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: Task No. Evidence Create and populate a database [SMS] 3 Import data from an external source Create features in data entry forms to ensure validity and integrity of data Perform queries using multiple tables and multiple criteria VI Export data to an external source Include an advanced feature in a database design Implement an automated function Test a relational database [SMS, RL] Discuss how potential errors in the design and construction of a database can be avoided [III] 4 Evaluate a database against the specified user needLearner Declaration certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own. I have clearly referenced any sources used in the work. I understand that false declaration is a form of malpractice. Learner Signature: Title Date: Assignment Design, create, populate and describe the features of a relational database. Purpose of this assignment The aim of this unit is to enable students to understand the features of relational databases and develop the necessary skills to design, create, populate and test a relational database incorporating advanced features. Task 3 – ScenarioImplement the database design from task 2 in Microsoft Office Access Task 3: 3. 1 Implement the database design from task 2 in Microsoft Office Access by creating at least five tables. Create all the tables as identified in your data model Set up relationships and enforce referential integrity to allow cascade updating and deletion of linked records Populate tables with valid and sensible test data Export all table definitions to a Word document This Provides evidence for CPA] 3. 2 Create test data in a spreadsheet and import into the relevant tables. You will need to document each step of this processThis Provides evidence for [MM] 3. 3 Design and implement all the forms (including at least one sub-form) that have been outlined in the Requirements Specification (see task 2 in the Syst ems Analysis and Design assignment). A consistent of style must be used in order to create a professional mage to allow users to interact with the system. Your implementation must include at least three features for ensuring data validity. Demonstrate and explain your forms to your tutor who will provide a witness statement confirming your success. This Provides evidence for CPA] 3. 4Perform three different types of queries using multiple tables and multiple criteria to search and sort data that are required from the output requirements (see task 2 in the Systems Analysis and Design assignment). Demonstrate and explain your queries to your tutor who will provide a witness statement confirming your success. This Provides evidence for [UP] 3. 5 Export the results of a query to another application. This Provides evidence for [MM] 3. 6 Design and implement all the reports that have been outlined in the requirements taking care to ensure consistency in line with your form designs.Create a â€Å"Main Menu† form as detailed in the requirements and implement at least one advanced feature. This Provides evidence for [MM] 3. 7 Demonstrate and explain the process to your tutor who will provide a witness Implement at least one automated feature from the list below: Macro Scripts program code This Provides evidence for [AS] 3. 8 Once you have completed the database, you will need to make sure that the database is working correctly. You are required to create a test plan that tests the main database functionality. Any test failures should be corrected and annotated using screen shots in a est. log.

“Assess the main reasons for the Unification of Germany in 1871”

In 1862, Bismarck said that ‘the great questions of the day will be settled by blood and iron. ’ Although there is undoubtedly some degree of accuracy in this statement, the most important reason for the unification of Germany, which ended ‘the great questions of the day,’ was ‘coal and iron. ’ This is a quote from British economist John Maynard Keynes, who argued that the industrial and economic preparation before the wars, which united Germany, were more important. This is because the economic strength created by the rapid industrialisation enabled the creation of a powerful Prussia.It was under this powerful Prussia, with some skilful diplomacy and opportunism, that Germany was successfully united in the wars of German Unification. Without such economic development and prosperity, it is questionable whether Germany would have been united by 1871. On the other hand we must also consider the other factors and thus must address five key areas. T he first of these is the growing strength of Prussia in relation to Austria and closely linked to this is the economic developments within Prussia.On a much larger scale we must also take into account the strength of nationalism and the international situation of the 1860s. Lastly, we must consider whether the policies and strategies of Otto Von Bismarck, the Minister-President of Prussia from 1862 had a major impact on the Unification of Germany in 1871, nevertheless we are justified by saying that the main reason for the unification of Germany in 1871 was due to the economic prowess of Prussia in relation to other foreign nations such as Austria.â€Å"When the army has been brought into such a state as to command respect, then I shall take the first opportunity to declare war on Austria, burst asunder the German Confederation, bring the middle and smaller states into subjugation and give Germany a national union under Prussian leadership. † These views clearly voiced out th e long-term ambitions that Bismarck had for Prussia. Bismarck believed that he was able to shape the country and steer it to a position where it would lead the other German states. Bismarck’s exploits from the above statement shows that he greatly influenced the unification of Germany.He realised that a †man could not create the current of events† but â€Å"only float and steer it†, it was here that his true potential as a charismatic politician could be seen. As the brilliant opportunist he was, he completely outplayed the Austrians. Bismarck managed to cultivate a close relationship with Russia against Austria in 1863. This was made possible due to the Austrian’s error of not coming to the aid of the Russians during the Crimean War in 1852 thus an Austro- Russian alliance 10 years later would be unlikely to form as there was still great resentment between the two nations.Also it meant that Prussia would have a greater force backing them up. The fol lowing year he weakens Austria further after allying with them, as they were forced to maintain an army in the Northern region of Schleswig-Holstein. It is clear to see from this that Bismarck had a tendency to pick a quarrel with the opposition and create tension beneath the surface. If Austria did not mobilise an army there Prussia would have been free to annex this state and phenomenally increase the number of resources and territory gained.On the other hand as this ultimately enabled victory at Koniggratz to be much more achievable as fewer Austrian troops were present to defend their homeland. In 1865 he again impeded Austria from making a potential ally with France by giving them rewards in terms of land and resources. This would also ensure that France would remain neutral if Prussia declared war on Austria. His next final stroke of strategic genius can be seen with the Italian alliance in 1866. By the alliance with Italy, Bismarck contrived to divert part of the Austrian for ces to the south.This advantage with addition with that of Prussia’s modernised army discipline resulted in a Prussian victory on August 23rd 1866. Its victory enabled the North German Confederation to be formed. We can see that Bismarck held great political prowess and having considered the action he took, we are justified in saying that Bismarck’s role in the unification of Germany was a very important factor but not the main reason for Germany’s unification in 1871. Another factor which must be taken into account is the inevitability of Prussia’s rise to power and her military’s exponential growth in power.In 1815 unbeknown to Prussia, the major powers after defeating Napoleon split the French Empire and gave the Kingdom of Westphalia to Prussia thinking that it was useless bit of land however in reality they were handing over the richest material deposits in Europe. The abundant reserves as soon as they were discovered were being extracted an a larming rate transforming Prussia, currently a country short of territory and power into the most dominant and richest nation in the whole of Europe. Helmuth von Moltke based on this new found wealth gave him the means by which to modernise the army.Bismarck greatly advocated the support as he believed that â€Å"It is not by speeches and majority that the great questions of our time are decided, it is by blood and iron†. The newly reformed Prussian army revolutionised by Moltke â€Å"attained a level of military efficiency that the other European armies could only dream of† This strength was pivotal during the three was of unification as it allowed Bismarck to dictate the battle as well as the following treaties and agreements. Its highlight came however, at the Battle of Koniggratz where the Prussian army defeated Austrian forces inflicting many casualties.Indeed it was Bismarck who led the army reforms and it also shows that he delayed going to war with Austria to m ake sure victory was ascertained however without the overpowering economy which Prussia had she would never have been able to modernise the army to such an extent as well manage the costs of three wars so we are justified saying that Prussian economy was more influential to the unification of Germany than the military however we must also remember that without a strong military force Prussia would not have been able to win the wars that ensured the unification of Germany to take place.It was not only the rich mineral reserves that were economically benefitting Prussia. The creation of the zollverein in 1834 was the first step towards a united German customs union, fore fronted by Prussia. Although the smaller states greatly benefitted by being part of the Zollverein due to the abolishment of internal tariffs and they also became dependant on Prussia in maintaining the system.As well as this it may have not impacted unification as its economic benefits focused countries on the intern al benefits rather than leading them to merge into a single German state but certainly by giving Germany an identity, and a commonality with regards to businesses and the economy. It was seen as â€Å"binding together the limbs of Germany†. This concept was re-enforced with the development of railways throughout the Zollverein. This made transport and trade much easier but also brought the states together as people could easily travel across it visiting regions previously inaccessible.Compared to the impact of Bismarck however the economic advantages of Prussia play a major role in the unification of Germany in 1871. The economic advantages were enhanced as â€Å"Austria had not only had many chronic financial problems, it also lagged well behind Prussia in economic developments. It clear to see that without the economic power Prussia had in the 1850s and later, many businesses and the military would not have been able to become modernized and much stronger. It was only beca use of this newly made fighting force that Prussia was capable of inflicting the crushing defeat at Koniggratz.However it also helped Prussia to politically influence and dominate the other smaller German states as well as become a major authoritative nation within Europe. Thus it can be justified that â€Å"coal and iron† was the most important reason for the unification of Germany in 1871. Synonymous with the economic developments were the international circumstances of the 1860s which played a role in the unification of Germany. Austria’s decision to remain neutral during the Crimean War from 1853 to 1856 meant that that they lost the support of Russia in the future .Because of this no one could no longer continue to dictate over Prussia. As well as this, the Austro-Franco war of 1859 to 1860 led to the Italian Unification. This had two major impacts on the unification of Germany. The first was that it cultivated and spurred nationalism in surrounding European count ries. It even led to a pressure group being set up in Prussia the same year. More relevant to Prussia’s dominance however was the Austrian loss of Lombardy. Due to this loss of a very rich state, the Austrian government was forced to make constitutional concessions to the liberals within the country.Also the seeds of war between Prussia and Austria had been sown after Olmutz where Prussia were forced to say that the Erfurt Union will not be made and that the Diet under Austrian presidency will remain also Prussia had to firstly demobilise completely while Austria will secondly partially demobilise. This was a great humiliation for the Prussians and the resentment created by this caused the tensions between the two nations to rise. The final international factor is that of Napoleon III. In a bid to emulate his uncle he engaged himself with international politics as much as he could.Napoleon met Bismarck at Barritz where he confirmed French neutrality, in return for land reward s. This had a great impact as it meant that Prussia could advance without the threat of invasion from France. Although the Napoleon declared war on Prussia five years later in 1870 however by that time the Prussians had a strong enough army to repel these forces without much bloodshed. Bismarck calculated Napoleon’s greed and ego accurately and used this to his advantage. If this was not done there is a great likelihood that France would have declared war on Prussia and as soon as they did that Austria would have joined as well.Even though Prussia had the greatest military prowess of the three nations the sheer scale of the attack would have overwhelmed Prussia and it would lead to Austria being in such a position that unification of Germany would not have been possible. However we must also that their political position within Europe was promoted by their boosting economy and the grouping of the lesser states under Prussian authority so it is fair to say that the internation al circumstances of the 1860s came about from political and military dominance within Europe which were influenced by the booming economic situation in Prussia at the time.The final factor contributing to the unification of Germany is the strength of nationalism. This was enhanced by the 1848 revolutions and saw liberals rise up in Prussia. Their quest for a united Germany was stopped midway due to food shortages the following economic depression and the resulting lack of support. With the loss of their power base the revolutions failed horribly. We are therefore justified in saying that although support for nationalism did play a part in the unification of Germany it was not the deciding factor .In order for nationalism as an ideology to be spread as across the states a top down revolution was needed. Nationalistic individuals wanted the uniting of all German states, all German volk coming together and the Zollverein, the customs trade union was the shadow of the Germany formed in 1871and thus we are justified by saying that the economic policies of Prussia was pivotal in bring the people together under a single united state and were more important than the strength of nationalism.Overall we are justified in saying that the main reason for the unification of Germany in 1871 was the booming Prussian economy. There is a strong case arguing that the skilful diplomacy and power politics of Otto Von Bismarck led directly towards German unification. However this said Bismarck was only able to the Army Reform Bill in 1861 because the economy had provided sufficient revenue for him to do so. If Bismarck had not pumped money into reforming the army then it would not have been able to achieve such a great force which helped Prussia win the three wars of unification.Also the Zollverein plays a major role in the unification of Germany as helped all the states boost their economy under a Prussian leadership also the outline of the Zollverein is exactly the same outline Ge rmany was when all the states finally united in 1871, it was at this point that the ideology of nationalism prevailed as it managed bring all German speaking people together. With these reasons I believe that the Prussian economy was the most important factor for the unification of Germany. Assess the Main Reasons for the Unification of Germany in 1871 In 1862, Bismarck said that ‘the great questions of the day will be settled by blood and iron. ’ Although there is undoubtedly some degree of accuracy in this statement, the most important reason for the unification of Germany, which ended ‘the great questions of the day,’ was ‘coal and iron. ’ This is a quote from British economist John Maynard Keynes, who argued that the industrial and economic preparation before the wars, which united Germany, were more important. This is because the economic strength created by the rapid industrialisation enabled the creation of a powerful Prussia.It was under this powerful Prussia, with some skilful diplomacy and opportunism, that Germany was successfully united in the wars of German Unification. Without such economic development and prosperity, it is questionable whether Germany would have been united by 1871. On the other hand we must also consider the other factors and thus must address five key areas. T he first of these is the growing strength of Prussia in relation to Austria and closely linked to this is the economic developments within Prussia.On a much larger scale we must also take into account the strength of nationalism and the international situation of the 1860s. Lastly, we must consider whether the policies and strategies of Otto Von Bismarck, the Minister-President of Prussia from 1862 had a major impact on the Unification of Germany in 1871, nevertheless we are justified by saying that the main reason for the unification of Germany in 1871 was due to the economic prowess of Prussia in relation to other foreign nations such as Austria.â€Å"When the army has been brought into such a state as to command respect, then I shall take the first opportunity to declare war on Austria, burst asunder the German Confederation, bring the middle and smaller states into subjugation and give Germany a national union under Prussian leadership. † These views clearly voiced out th e long-term ambitions that Bismarck had for Prussia. Bismarck believed that he was able to shape the country and steer it to a position where it would lead the other German states. Bismarck’s exploits from the above statement shows that he greatly influenced the unification of Germany.He realised that a †man could not create the current of events† but â€Å"only float and steer it†, it was here that his true potential as a charismatic politician could be seen. As the brilliant opportunist he was, he completely outplayed the Austrians. Bismarck managed to cultivate a close relationship with Russia against Austria in 1863. This was made possible due to the Austrian’s error of not coming to the aid of the Russians during the Crimean War in 1852 thus an Austro- Russian alliance 10 years later would be unlikely to form as there was still great resentment between the two nations.Also it meant that Prussia would have a greater force backing them up. The fol lowing year he weakens Austria further after allying with them, as they were forced to maintain an army in the Northern region of Schleswig-Holstein. It is clear to see from this that Bismarck had a tendency to pick a quarrel with the opposition and create tension beneath the surface. If Austria did not mobilise an army there Prussia would have been free to annex this state and phenomenally increase the number of resources and territory gained.On the other hand as this ultimately enabled victory at Koniggratz to be much more achievable as fewer Austrian troops were present to defend their homeland. In 1865 he again impeded Austria from making a potential ally with France by giving them rewards in terms of land and resources. This would also ensure that France would remain neutral if Prussia declared war on Austria. His next final stroke of strategic genius can be seen with the Italian alliance in 1866. By the alliance with Italy, Bismarck contrived to divert part of the Austrian for ces to the south.This advantage with addition with that of Prussia’s modernised army discipline resulted in a Prussian victory on August 23rd 1866. Its victory enabled the North German Confederation to be formed. We can see that Bismarck held great political prowess and having considered the action he took, we are justified in saying that Bismarck’s role in the unification of Germany was a very important factor but not the main reason for Germany’s unification in 1871. Another factor which must be taken into account is the inevitability of Prussia’s rise to power and her military’s exponential growth in power.In 1815 unbeknown to Prussia, the major powers after defeating Napoleon split the French Empire and gave the Kingdom of Westphalia to Prussia thinking that it was useless bit of land however in reality they were handing over the richest material deposits in Europe. The abundant reserves as soon as they were discovered were being extracted an a larming rate transforming Prussia, currently a country short of territory and power into the most dominant and richest nation in the whole of Europe. Helmuth von Moltke based on this new found wealth gave him the means by which to modernise the army.Bismarck greatly advocated the support as he believed that â€Å"It is not by speeches and majority that the great questions of our time are decided, it is by blood and iron†. The newly reformed Prussian army revolutionised by Moltke â€Å"attained a level of military efficiency that the other European armies could only dream of† This strength was pivotal during the three was of unification as it allowed Bismarck to dictate the battle as well as the following treaties and agreements. Its highlight came however, at the Battle of Koniggratz where the Prussian army defeated Austrian forces inflicting many casualties.Indeed it was Bismarck who led the army reforms and it also shows that he delayed going to war with Austria to m ake sure victory was ascertained however without the overpowering economy which Prussia had she would never have been able to modernise the army to such an extent as well manage the costs of three wars so we are justified saying that Prussian economy was more influential to the unification of Germany than the military however we must also remember that without a strong military force Prussia would not have been able to win the wars that ensured the unification of Germany to take place.It was not only the rich mineral reserves that were economically benefitting Prussia. The creation of the zollverein in 1834 was the first step towards a united German customs union, fore fronted by Prussia. Although the smaller states greatly benefitted by being part of the Zollverein due to the abolishment of internal tariffs and they also became dependant on Prussia in maintaining the system.As well as this it may have not impacted unification as its economic benefits focused countries on the intern al benefits rather than leading them to merge into a single German state but certainly by giving Germany an identity, and a commonality with regards to businesses and the economy. It was seen as â€Å"binding together the limbs of Germany†. This concept was re-enforced with the development of railways throughout the Zollverein. This made transport and trade much easier but also brought the states together as people could easily travel across it visiting regions previously inaccessible.Compared to the impact of Bismarck however the economic advantages of Prussia play a major role in the unification of Germany in 1871. The economic advantages were enhanced as â€Å"Austria had not only had many chronic financial problems, it also lagged well behind Prussia in economic developments. It clear to see that without the economic power Prussia had in the 1850s and later, many businesses and the military would not have been able to become modernized and much stronger. It was only beca use of this newly made fighting force that Prussia was capable of inflicting the crushing defeat at Koniggratz.However it also helped Prussia to politically influence and dominate the other smaller German states as well as become a major authoritative nation within Europe. Thus it can be justified that â€Å"coal and iron† was the most important reason for the unification of Germany in 1871. Synonymous with the economic developments were the international circumstances of the 1860s which played a role in the unification of Germany. Austria’s decision to remain neutral during the Crimean War from 1853 to 1856 meant that that they lost the support of Russia in the future .Because of this no one could no longer continue to dictate over Prussia. As well as this, the Austro-Franco war of 1859 to 1860 led to the Italian Unification. This had two major impacts on the unification of Germany. The first was that it cultivated and spurred nationalism in surrounding European count ries. It even led to a pressure group being set up in Prussia the same year. More relevant to Prussia’s dominance however was the Austrian loss of Lombardy. Due to this loss of a very rich state, the Austrian government was forced to make constitutional concessions to the liberals within the country.Also the seeds of war between Prussia and Austria had been sown after Olmutz where Prussia were forced to say that the Erfurt Union will not be made and that the Diet under Austrian presidency will remain also Prussia had to firstly demobilise completely while Austria will secondly partially demobilise. This was a great humiliation for the Prussians and the resentment created by this caused the tensions between the two nations to rise. The final international factor is that of Napoleon III. In a bid to emulate his uncle he engaged himself with international politics as much as he could.Napoleon met Bismarck at Barritz where he confirmed French neutrality, in return for land reward s. This had a great impact as it meant that Prussia could advance without the threat of invasion from France. Although the Napoleon declared war on Prussia five years later in 1870 however by that time the Prussians had a strong enough army to repel these forces without much bloodshed. Bismarck calculated Napoleon’s greed and ego accurately and used this to his advantage. If this was not done there is a great likelihood that France would have declared war on Prussia and as soon as they did that Austria would have joined as well.Even though Prussia had the greatest military prowess of the three nations the sheer scale of the attack would have overwhelmed Prussia and it would lead to Austria being in such a position that unification of Germany would not have been possible. However we must also that their political position within Europe was promoted by their boosting economy and the grouping of the lesser states under Prussian authority so it is fair to say that the internation al circumstances of the 1860s came about from political and military dominance within Europe which were influenced by the booming economic situation in Prussia at the time.The final factor contributing to the unification of Germany is the strength of nationalism. This was enhanced by the 1848 revolutions and saw liberals rise up in Prussia. Their quest for a united Germany was stopped midway due to food shortages the following economic depression and the resulting lack of support. With the loss of their power base the revolutions failed horribly. We are therefore justified in saying that although support for nationalism did play a part in the unification of Germany it was not the deciding factor .In order for nationalism as an ideology to be spread as across the states a top down revolution was needed. Nationalistic individuals wanted the uniting of all German states, all German volk coming together and the Zollverein, the customs trade union was the shadow of the Germany formed in 1871and thus we are justified by saying that the economic policies of Prussia was pivotal in bring the people together under a single united state and were more important than the strength of nationalism.Overall we are justified in saying that the main reason for the unification of Germany in 1871 was the booming Prussian economy. There is a strong case arguing that the skilful diplomacy and power politics of Otto Von Bismarck led directly towards German unification. However this said Bismarck was only able to the Army Reform Bill in 1861 because the economy had provided sufficient revenue for him to do so. If Bismarck had not pumped money into reforming the army then it would not have been able to achieve such a great force which helped Prussia win the three wars of unification.Also the Zollverein plays a major role in the unification of Germany as helped all the states boost their economy under a Prussian leadership also the outline of the Zollverein is exactly the same outline Ge rmany was when all the states finally united in 1871, it was at this point that the ideology of nationalism prevailed as it managed bring all German speaking people together. With these reasons I believe that the Prussian economy was the most important factor for the unification of Germany.